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The first thing you
need to know about New Zealand's climate is that its seasons are the
opposite to those in the Northern Hemisphere.New Zealand comprises
two long thin islands that run
north-south
and, as such, there is a noticeable difference in the climates of
the top of the North Island, which is sub-tropical, and the bottom
of the South Island, which is temparate. Overall, however, New
Zealand's is a very mild climate making it a suitable holiday
destination all year round.
New Zealand's climate is complex and varies from warm subtropical in
the far north to cool temperate climates in the far south, with
severe alpine conditions in the mountainous areas. Mountain chains
extending the length of New Zealand provide a barrier for the
prevailing westerly winds, dividing the country into dramatically
different climate regions. The West Coast of the South Island is the
wettest area of New Zealand, whereas the area to the east of the
mountains, just over 100 km away, is the driest.
Most
areas of New Zealand have between 600 and 1600 mm of rainfall,
spread throughout the year with a dry period during the summer. Over
the northern and central areas of New Zealand more rainfall falls in
winter than in summer, whereas for much of
the southern part of New Zealand, winter is the season of least
rainfall. Mean annual temperatures range from 10°C in the south to
16°C in the north of New Zealand. The coldest month is usually July
and the warmest month is usually January or February. In New Zealand
generally there are relatively small variations between summer and
winter temperatures, although inland and to the east of the ranges
the variation is greater (up to 14°C). Temperatures also drop about
0.7°C for every 100 m of altitude.
Sunshine hours are relatively high in areas that are sheltered from
the west and most of New Zealand would have at least 2000 hours
annually. The midday summer solar adiation index
(UVI) is often very high in most places and can be extreme in
northern New Zealand and in mountainous areas. Autumn and spring UVI
values can be high in most areas. Most snow in New Zealand falls in
the mountain areas. Snow rarely falls in the coastal areas of the
North Island and west of the South Island, although the east and
south of the South Island may experience some snow in winter. Frosts
can occur nywhere in New Zealand and usually form on cold nights
with clear skies and little wind.
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